network functions virtualization (NFV)
Network functions virtualization (NFV)
is an initiative to virtualize the network services that are now being
carried out by proprietary, dedicated hardware. If successful, NFV will
decrease the amount of proprietary hardware that's needed to launch and
operate network services.
The goal of NFV is to decouple network functions from dedicated
hardware devices and allow network services that are now being carried
out by routers, firewalls, load balancers and other dedicated hardware
devices to be hosted on virtual machines (VMs). Once the network
functions are under the control of a hypervisor, the services that once
require dedicated hardware can be performed on standard x86 servers.
This capability is important because it means that network
administrators will no longer need to purchase dedicated hardware
devices in order to build a service chain. Because server capacity will
be able to be added through software, there will be no need for network
administrators to overprovision their data centers which will reduce
both capital expenses (CAPex) and operating expenses (OPex). If an
application running on a VM required more bandwidth, for example, the
administrator could move the VM to another physical server or provision
another virtual machine on the original server to take part of the load.
Having this flexibility will allow an IT department to respond in a
more agile manner to changing business goals and network service
demands.
Network Functions Virtualization is different from software-defined
networking but is complementary to it; when SDN runs on the NFV
infrastructure, the SDN forwards the data packets from one network
device to another while the network routing (control) functions run on a
virtual machine in, for example, a rack mount server. The NFV concept,
which was presented by a group of network service providers at the
Software Defined Network (SDN) and OpenFlow World Congress in October
2012, is being developed by the ETSI Industry Specification Group (ISG)
for NFV.
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